THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE ESSENCE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES OF AN ENTERPRISE

Abstract

The article examines the main approaches to understanding the essence of financial resources of an enterprise, focusing on different scientific points of view on their classification, sources of formation and functional purpose. Special attention is paid to the management of financial resources in agricultural enterprises, as this industry is characterized by unique features of the structure of income and expenses, which affects the financial sustainability of enterprises. Agriculture is characterized by high dependence on external factors, such as weather conditions, seasonality, fluctuations in market prices and the availability of resources, which makes the management of financial flows difficult and at the same time critically critical for the survival and development of enterprises. Effective management of financial resources in agriculture is a key factor in ensuring not only short-term stability, but also long-term development of the industry. High dependence on external factors creates special problems that require the development of adapted financial strategies and the implementation of innovative approaches to management. The study emphasises that effective financial management practices, adapted to the needs of agribusiness, can contribute to both short-term operational efficiency and long-term strategic growth. 8The article analyses such key aspects as the classification of financial resources by sources of formation (own, borrowed and attracted), functional purpose (operating, investment and reserve), and terms of use (short-term and long-term). By analysing financial flows, the article emphasises the importance of sustainable financial management in the current economic environment, especially for enterprises operating in the volatile agricultural sector. The paper also provides recommendations on optimising the structure and use of financial resources to enhance business development and market competitiveness, which ensures stable economic performance over time. In addition, the study highlights the role of financial resources in investment activities and business modernization, which are critical for the long-term success and sustainable development of agricultural enterprises. The article also highlights the issues of financial planning and forecasting as tools for ensuring the sustainability and adaptability of agricultural enterprises to changes in the external environment. The author emphasizes the need to introduce innovative approaches to financial management in order to maintain the competitive advantages of the enterprise in the context of economic globalization.